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پاسخ بطنی
Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Flutter Rate * Wide-ranging ventricular response to atrial undulations that occur between 300 and 400 per minute
* Ventricular response is a function of AV node block or conduction of atrial impulses.
* Ventricular response is rarely
Atrial Flutter Key: Flutter waves in classic "sawtooth" pattern * Creates variable baseline * Flutter waves in classic "sawtooth" pattern PR * Cannot be measured QRS * Remains <0.12 second unless QRS complex is distorted by fibrillation or flutter waves or by conduction defects through ventricles Clinical Manifestations * Signs and symptoms are a function of the rate of ventricular response to atrial fibrillation waves; "atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response" may be characterized by dyspnea on exertion, shortness of breath, and sometimes acute pulmonary edema.
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